Affirmative Action Programs Should Be Legal - 1320 Words

According to our textbook, institutions or organizations involves with affirmative action programs in order to improve opportunities or provide compensations for individuals that belong to omitted groups in the U.S history. While affirmative action programs are prevalent in a numerous of fields, employment and education are the two most active fields that focus on the affirmative action. In many associations and other cases, the affirmative action can be considered as a series of privileged programs. These programs will offer historically excluded groups or oppressed groups, such as women and minorities, the chance to have equivalent accesses to those associations or certain divisions. As the result, these policies are claimed to promote â€Å"diversity in schools and workplaces† (Clarkson, Miller, and Cross 696). However, affirmative action policies raise up questions about whether they are constitutional or not. The programs may even conflict with the Fourteenth Amendment’s equal protection clause. Furthermore, recently, some people debate that certain school’s admissions have deliberated race as an advantaged factor for accepting applicants. These actions are obviously unconstitutional (Clarkson, Miller, and Cross 697). To go over the context of the book and cover more on affirmative action, this paper will talk further about the background on affirmative action, affirmative action’s coverage on different fields, cases law, and the possible â€Å"outcomes† of the affirmativeShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Action Programs Should Be Legal1576 Words   |  7 Pagesissued Executive Order 10925, introducing the phrase â€Å"affirmative action.† A few years later, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued Executive Order 11246, which prohibited discrimination based on rac e, color and religion. Although there were no specific policies that require colleges and universities to use affirmative action programs, they voluntarily gave advantages to minorities and women in the admission process. Affirmative action programs were first challenged in Regents of the University of CaliforniaRead MoreLegal Aspect of Affirmative Action Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesAffirmative action programs are often misunderstood. Each person has their own idea of what affirmative action really entails. This paper will provide an overview of the legal aspect of affirmative action. The differences between affirmative action programs and equal opportunity legislation will be explained. The positive arguments will be presented along with the negative arguments. The affects affirmative action has on the society of the United States will be analyzed. Finally the reactionsRead More Affirmitive Action Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pages Affirmative Action is the name given to pr ograms that try to correct past and ongoing discriminations against women, racial minorities, and others in the work force and in education. The principal goal of Affirmative Action is to create more diversity and equal opportunities in jobs or schools that used to be all or mostly male, white, or both. Affirmative Action programs have been in place only a little over thirty years. Affirmative action works. There are thousands of examples of situations whereRead MoreEssay Affirmative Action1163 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative action works. When these policies received government support, vast numbers of people of color, white women and men have gained access they would not otherwise have had. These gains have led to very real changes. Affirmative action programs have not eliminated racism, nor have they always been implemented without problems. However, there would be no struggle to roll back the gains achieved if affirmative action policies were ineffective. The implementation of affirmative actionRead MoreAffirmative Action Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesUnder the Affirmative Action policy, or preferential hiring, the firm must hire someone who is underrepresented. As strange as it seems, this type of situation occurs everyday, and many wonder why the policy is legal. I never really understood why affirmative action is legal. In affirmative actions beginning, the government needed laws to help aid the blending of minorities and women in American workforce and culture. During the Civil Rights movement of 1960s, affirmative action was implementedRead MoreAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions?1028 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions? When people think of affirmative action programs, they generally think of programs that give preference to candidates based on gender or race. However, one of the most vital affirmative action programs in the United States is the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program (DVAAP). Under these programs, agencies are not only required to give preferential treatment to disabled veteransRead MoreDiversity Management Focuses On The Heterogeneity Inside The Organizations1315 Words   |  6 Pagestogether. This is directly connected with the concept of ethical behavior. Generally ethics is defined as a moral code which is accepted in a concrete society, though there are cases when ethical does not mean everything that is legal. For example, slavery was legal in the United States society, but from now it is not the best manifestation of the ethical behavior (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Woods, 2012). This also applies to homosexual individuals, who have been condemned by society, and subjectedRead MoreEssay about Affirmative Action and Higher Education1546 Words   |  7 PagesAffirmative Action and Higher Education    Two people stand in a room looking at a vibrant painting and receive a totally different image. This is something we all realize can happen. It is our different perspectives that make us valuable too each other. When trying to solve a problem or create a new idea, we need each other to bring forth considerations and concepts that would never occur otherwise. This concept is something most of us grasp in theory, yet it never ceases to confound and confuseRead MoreAffirmative Action Should Not Be A Program1540 Words   |  7 Pagesthought that it should not be a program in modern American government and yet is still very active today. Affirmative action is defined as â€Å"the practice of improving the educational and job opportunities of members of groups that have not been treated fairly in the past because of their race, sex, etc† (Merriam-Webster). Affirmative action creates a blatantly unfair advantage in college and job applications to non-minority races and is ultimat ely a racist law. Affirmative action is most prominentRead MoreAffirmative Action Essay 341025 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action is any effort taken to expand opportunity for women or racial, ethnic and national origin minorities by using membership in those groups that have been subject to discrimination as a consideration. The Fourteenth Amendment states that no person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance

Analysis Of Schiele s Other Self Portrait - 996 Words

In Schiele’s other self-portrait cataloged here Squatting Man (Self-Portrait), Schiele confronts the viewer. It is the first image seen here that actually makes contact with the viewer. The eyes which are often seen as the mirror to the soul stare back at the viewer in a challenging and unashamed way. The position the figure is in is also one that alludes to birth as did his Nude Self-Portrait, the colors here are a blend of cooler colors – browns, blues and grays fill in the figures body which is one of the only full body self-portraits done of Schiele himself. The blend of purples, blues, and browns here could evoke a sense of death or a decaying/ sick person or corpse. Also the colors can be associated with bruising on the skin. There is an undertone of questioning of sexuality here as Schiele draws himself squatting a position that is not usually seen as masculine in nature. His head is tilted to one side as well almost in a questioning and unsure posture as his han ds are folded over the lower part of his naked form concealing his manhood. The squatting position is also associated with release through the form of using the bathroom which could have something to do with the colors of brown used here . â€Å"It has been noted that frontal self-portraits possess a healing function for artists in times of crisis and transition†. Schiele who does a series of paintings and self-portraits in a crouching position (this one being one of the first) uses this crouching position to talkShow MoreRelatedVan Gogh s Life And Effect Today1819 Words   |  8 PagesSpeech: Van Gogh s Life and Effect today. Specific Purpose Statement: By the end of my speech the audience will be able to list 3 parts of Van Gogh s life and his achievements that affected the future. INTRODUCTION: Attention Getter: Imagine being one of the most well recognized names of the modern world, your name attracts millions, dozens of films and book are created after you. But at the same time imagine your life being filled with depression and rejection for the craft that you are beloved

Important Trends within Strategic Management- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theImportant Trends within Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction Today's business environment is experiencing rapid changes than ever before. Small startups are springing up catapulted by innovation and creativity causing disruption in the way businesses are conducted. More people are keen on entrepreneurship. In Jordan, it is estimated that there are 100 000 Small and medium enterprises. These are set to grow as unemployment spurs entrepreneurship among the youth especially in the 20-34 age bracket (Barkawi 2015). There is the issue of security and globalization. Why are companies more concerned about cyber security? These are some of the issues discussed at length in this paper. Globalization The business environment has become more interconnected courtesy of the changing operating environment by the businesses. For this reason, many companies are opting to operate outside their home countries. Even small businesses are harnessing the open business opportunities presented outside their home countries. Globalization has become a trend as businesses tend to improve product quality, escape market rivalry at home, test new products, diversify their products, enjoy economies of scale, and as a strategy to increase sales and ultimately revenue (Woolley 2013). Changing Trends in Information Technology According to Barnat (2014), the use of information technology is a major move by companies that want to excel in business today. A while ago, use of social media in companies was seen as a luxury. Today social marketing is growing at an unprecedented rate as companies try to capture the Generation Y and the millennial generation. Changing Economic Trends The economic conditions in many countries are changing abruptly. In Europe and North America, many countries and states respectively were affected by the global economic crisis. Countries like Greece have not yet recovered. This has seen the purchasing parity of citizens reduce. Subsequently, companies have to make tough decisions on how to package their products to stay profitable. Meanwhile, investments in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa are seen as the next frontier for business growth (Youngs 2014). Innovation Small companies are coming up with innovations that are challenging the market status quo and causing disruption in the market. A company like Uber, for instance, stated its operations as a passenger transportation entity but has transformed the taxi businesses in many countries (Barkawi 2015). New Leadership Styles While in the not so recent past organizations had traditional structures that were working quite adequately for them, this is no longer the case. Organizations have had to reorganize their leadership to be responsive to both internal and external customers. Many businesses in emerging markets employ flat structures or matrix organization structures where the concern is on performance and rapid response to customers (Grant and Jordan 2015). Outsourcing of Work In order to remain competitive and cut the cost of production, companies are finding it easy to outsource labor and capitalize on core competencies. This is also evident from many companies which are employing Just in Time mechanisms to reduce the cost of production and distribution (Meehan 2016). Security There is growing concern that online hacking and data theft continue to jeopardize business operations. The threat of terrorism is also affecting business prospect (Barnat 2014). Changing Workforce The millennial generation is anticipated to bring new organization cultures different from the ones of baby boomers, generation X or Y. In this regard, many companies may be caught unaware (Grant and Jordan 2015). How Managers and Organizations should Respond to the Trends Change Management One way managers can respond to the trends in strategic management is by embracing change. Companies that are embracing change and instituting change management are more likely to remain viable in the long term than those not adapting to change. Case in point is a company like Nokia which failed to adapt to customer tastes and preferences and lost the market to newer companies (Woolley 2013). Market Intelligence To be always on par with changing demands in the market, companies need to employ market intelligence services to be able to anticipate and respond to changes- abrupt or otherwise, in the market (Barnat 2014). Preparing for Workforce Succession The millennial generation has been termed to be completely different from other generations. Companies ignoring this group are finding the hard way that their future is tied to this generation. Managers need to prepare for workforce succession to accommodate this generation (Meehan 2016). Investment in Cyber Security Theft of data as well as finances has been witnessed as a result of the growing threat of cybercrime. Moreover, companies are losing important data to competitors hence losing their edge in the market. To prevent this they need to invest in securing their networks (Woolley 2013). Product Diversification Consumer taste is changing rapidly and products in the market now are becoming obsolete in shorter time span than before. To counter the threat of losing business companies can consider diversifying their product portfolio (Grant and Jordan 2015). Seeking New Markets/Globalization As companies from western countries seek markets in the Middle East, the Far East, and Asia, so should companies in these recipient nations. This will ensure that shocks in one market do not run the business completely down (Youngs 2014). Innovation Centers Companies and managers need to have innovation centers for their next products in their life cycle as innovation is the key to success in today's competitive markets. Innovation will also be a source of competitive advantage (Barkawi 2015). Conclusion As evidenced by the report, companies today are facing numerous changes in the operating environment. These range from leadership styles, economic fluctuations in the market, new generation of customers and workforce, increasing market rivalry to mention a few. The managers in these companies need to embrace change, invest in information technology, and create innovative centers among other moves to ensure the viability of their businesses. References Barkawi, W. (2015). The Dynamic New Trends Of Entrepreneurship. [online] Entrepreneur. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/247319 [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Barnat, R. (2014). Strategic Management :Recent Trends. [online] Introduction-to-management. Available at: https://www.introduction-to-management.24xls.com/en133 [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Grant, R. and Jordan, J. (2015). Foundations of strategy. 1st ed. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, pp.30-78. Meehan, M. (2016). The Top Trends Shaping Business For 2017. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/marymeehan/2016/12/15/the-top-trends-shaping-business-for-2017/#326e45276a8a [Accessed 13 May 2017]. Woolley, D. (2013). 10 Trends in strategic marketing management. [online] CMO. Available at: https://www.cmo.com.au/blog/art-science/2013/04/22/10-trends-strategic-marketing-management/ [Accessed 13 May 2017]. Youngs, R. (2014). Europe in the New Middle East. 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, p.90.

Vietnam Essays (8447 words) - , Term Papers

Vietnam INTRODUCTION The war-torn country of Vietnam is once again in the midst of a revolution. Only this war is not being fought with soldiers and tanks; rather, it is being fought and won with businessmen and free-trade. This new on-slot of foreign business in the formerly closed country have completely rejuvenated the Vietnamese economy. For the first time since the re-unification of Vietnam in 1976, the doors of the market place are opened to the outside world and Vietnam is aggressively taking a stance for further economic development. Before any International firm attempts to conduct business with, or in Vietnam, it is extremely important to not only know your potential consumer, but to understand him as well. Vietnam has a unique and rich cultural history that separates it from its neighboring Asian nations. Therefore, even the most successful marketing plans for other Asian countries probably will not work in Vietnam. It is a country with an identity of its own. This report was compiled in an attempt to educate businesses and their employees of what makes Vietnam the welcoming, yet challenging nation it has become in the global marketplace. By first understanding the country and the people, it is then possible to formulate the most successful plan for a business venture. By gaining a foot-hold in the emerging market now, companies will benefit from continuous economic growth from the next potential ?Asian Tiger?--VIETNAM. ABSTRACT This is a glance into the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, describing and analyzing its political, economic, social, and national security systems and institutions, and examining the interrelationships of those systems and the ways they are shaped by cultural factors. This in an attempt to provide a basic understanding of the observed society, striving for a dynamic rather than a static portrayal. Particular attention is devoted to the people who make up the society, their origins, dominant beliefs and values, their common interests and the issues on which they are divided, the nature and extent of their involvement with national institutions, and their attitudes toward each other and toward their social system and political order. GENERAL INFORMATION 1 Official Name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam Capital: Hanoi Location: A republic of Southeast Asia, bordered by China on the north, the South China Sea on the east and south, and Cambodia and Laos on the west (see Appendix A). Land Area: Its area is 329,707 sq km (127,301 sq mi); larger than Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina combined. Terrain: Varies from mountainous to costal delta. Climate: Tropical monsoon. GOVERNMENT 2 A constitution enacted in 1992 assigned to the Communist party a leading role in Vietnamese government and society, but curbed some of its administrative functions. The constitution also increased the powers of the National Assembly. The Communist party acts through the Vietnam Fatherland Front, which includes representatives of the nation's political parties, trade unions, and social organizations. Executive Under the 1992 constitution, the head of state is a president, elected by the legislature from among its members; as commander of the armed forces, the president chairs the Council on National Defense and Security. The president appoints, with legislative approval, the prime minister, who heads the government. The prime minister appoints a cabinet, also subject to legislative approval. Legislative The unicameral National Assembly, composed of a maximum of 400 members, is the highest legislative body in Vietnam. The legislature is elected to a five-year term by universal adult suffrage. Judiciary Judges of the people's courts are elected to their offices. Organs of Control, which act as watchdogs for the state as well as monitoring government agencies, can initiate lawsuits against governmental bodies or individuals deemed to be violating the law. The highest court in Vietnam is the Supreme People's Court. Local Government A system of people's councils, each representing a local jurisdiction, administers local government in Vietnam. Each council elects a committee to serve as an executive. The country is divided into 53 provinces and three municipalities: Hanoi, Haiphong, and Ho Chi Minh City. HISTORY 3 Over thousands of years the Vietnamese have passed down the legend of their origin as being descendants of the Dragon and the Fairy. An extremely strong son of a dragon, Lac Long Quan, having killed a sea monster, settled in what is now Vietnam, and married a fairy, Au Co. Together, they gave birth to

The Man Who Finally Became a Man free essay sample

The man who finally became a Man It was 1990 and Chester Just moved to Oklahoma to start a new life and become a man. Before he decided to move he lived in a bad town called East SST. Louis. While living in East SST. Louis he bought a shot gun to be able to prove that he was a man to those around him. But little did he know that the shot gun would only get him into trouble. One day Chester went out into a field about five miles from his house. Chester had begun to shoot the shot gun. The gun went off about three times and on the third and final shot Chester heard a scream.The scream sounded like a little kid. Chester rushed to the area where he heard the screaming and found out that he had in fact shot a little girl In the back. We will write a custom essay sample on The Man Who Finally Became a Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chester kneeled down by the little girl, turned her body over to see that she was still conscious and breathing. He began to speak to the little girl asking her what her name Is. The little girl responded slowly while choking on blood that her name was Chelsea. Chester closed his eyes and immediately began to cry and apologize over and over to the girl. By the time Chester opened his eyes again the girl closed her eyes and automatically stopped breathing. At that momentChester knew that Chelsea was indeed dead. He was devastated and had no clue what to do. Chester stopped and thought of what he could do and at that point and time the first thing to pop in his head was to throw her body in the river near-by. After Chester threw Cochleas body in the river he got rid of the gun. He ran home as fast as he could and acted as if nothing happened. That night after he ate supper he decided to leave and catch the first train to Oklahoma. A few days passed and Chester affably arrived In Oklahoma. When Chester arrived In Oklahoma he went to see his aunt Mary who lived In Tulsa, Oklahoma.Mary was Cheaters favorite aunt and she was someone he told everything to no matter what It was. When Chester arrived at Mars house unannounced he told her of the incident in East SST. Lois and asked if he could stay with her for a while until he could figure things out. Mary said she would allow him to stay there for no more than six months. While staying with her he was to get a full time job and help pay bills. By the end of the six months he was to have his own apartment. Chester agreed to all of his aunts conditions and demands. He even promised he would get his act together stay focused and stay on the right path.Six months passed and Chester had a full time job as a manager at a forgetting company and he also had his own apartment. His aunt was very proud of him and told him that now he could consider himself a man. Chester thought about what his Aunt Mary had said and began to think about all of his ups and downs In life and still didnt consider himself a man. He decided to go back to his home town In East SST. Louis and tell the police of the Incident that involved him shooting the little girl Chelsea in the back with the shot gun. The police Now Chester considered himself a man because he did what a real man would do and that is the right thing.

Emotions And Colour essays

Emotions And Colour essays It is generally thought that certain colours are associated with certain emotions, the obvious example being red for anger. If this is the case then the animations could incorporate the theories of colour and emotion, and therefore make it easier for the emotions to be conveyed. The Psychology of Colour - S. Wu http://psychology.about.com/library/weekly/aa031501a.htm Colours can affect our emotions and behavior. Our reactions to colors are led by a combination of biological, physiological, psychological, social and cultural factors (Wu). The concept of warm and cool colours is well known amongst researchers in this area. Warm colors generally include magenta, red, orange, yellow, and yellow-green. These colors are associated with excitement, happiness and comfort. Cool Colors generally include violet, blue, light blue, cyan and sea green. Emotions associated with these colors range from calm and peace to sadness, withdrawal and repression. Figure 6 shows some modern colour associations. This table shows that colours can mean several things to people. It is safe to say that one person will react differently to a colour than the next person. With this in mind, further investigation of colours and emotions was needed, to try and generalise a specific colour for each emotion. It was decided that auras would be looked at to try and achieve this (see next section). Colour General Appearance Mental Associations Objective Associations Subjective Impressions Red brilliant, intense, opaque, dry hot, fire, heat, blood jovial, lively, energetic, forceful cheerful, inspiring, vital, celestial ...

The significance of a designed product (Product Design) Essay

The significance of a designed product (Product Design) - Essay Example Normally, product designing is being carried out by engineers and highly-skilled designers and usually engages with the people in the marketing, business, or even in military in order to gather inputs that would help build the physical product. Product design is a component of a much comprehensive term called â€Å"product development†, which comprises the creation or organization of the product requisites, the basic idea of the product, and product evaluation. Product has long been resorted to as a means of systematically creating a physical product. As a matter of fact, it is being employed during the earlier eras to help plan the overall design and functions of artifacts. The significance of a designed product can be dated back as to the Mozambique period or even earlier. Thus, there is a rich historical importance the ties up product design and artifacts together. Today, the influence of product design has thrived even more. Product design is widely used in STEM fields, es pecially in the natural sciences and engineering. Today, many technology companies around the world are investing huge amounts in product design in order for them to increase their value in the market (Chitale and Gupta 2005). They are also using product design to influence or indirectly manipulate revenues. However, this revenue-focused design is largely applicable to computer products and not significantly on artifacts. This paper focuses on the significance of product design or designed product in the creation of artifacts. In particular, we will focus on a piece of furniture known as the â€Å"Throne of the Weapons† – an influential design made to order by Bishop Dinis Sengulane of the Christian Council of Mozambique, and was designed and created by Kester. Thus, the â€Å"Throne of the Weapons† is also called â€Å"The Kester’s Chair.† We will look at the nooks and crannies of the design of this amazing piece of artifact and draw inferences an d insights on how product design helped work out the entirety of the product. History of the â€Å"Throne of the Weapons† The â€Å"Throne of the Weapons† is a piece of artifact built by Kester from abandoned firearms. He created the sculpture by attaching different types of firearms together. Since 2002, the sculpture is under the care of the British Museum. Many considers it as the British Museum’s most expressive piece of art judging from the perspective that the object has been presented in a more extensive myriad of ways than any other piece of artifact (BBC 2013). The majority of the sculpture’s composition is composed of decommissioned weapons from the Mozambique Civil war that took place between 1977 and 1992 (BBC 2013 2013). Just for a historical background, the Mozambique War killed nearly a million lives and internally dislocated 5 million people. Thus, in essence, apart from its form is the significance of its historical background: the sculpt ure resembles both the unnatural catastrophe of the war and the victory of the people. The

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 44

Marketing - Essay Example A research conducted by the City analysts has predicted that Sainsbury’s is likely to register a decline in its grocery sales by 2.5% for the preceding three months. This is with the exclusion of fuel. This is going to be a big setback for Salisbury’s given that it has, for the last decade, registered only an increase in the sale of its groceries. Salisbury’s used to record all these profits until the consumers in the U.K changed their shopping habits. This was also due to the emergence of Aldi and Lidl which are discount chains. It is also noted that the prices of food fall considerably. With these changes in the markets, the big four supermarket chains in the U.K, Salisbury’s Tesco, Asda and Morrisons, have lost their market share was almost a fifth in the previous two months. Despite the fall in the market share, Morrisons is however indicated by the latest Kantar sales figures to be growing. This is unlike the other three chains of supermarkets. James Anstead, who is an analyst at Barclays, has predicted that predicted that the sales in like-for-like products for Salisbury’s are likely to drop by 25%. This is due to the coming on board of the discount chains which have offered immense competition to the supermarkets. It is indicated also that the brand of Aldi is more worth than that of Tesco. Tesco having reported a similar decline as Salisbury’s, it therefore means that the brand of Aldi is also more worth than that of Salisbury. It is predicted that in the next five years, the sales for the supermarkets are going to drop as the discounters and online shopping double their sales. The increase in sales for online shopping and the discounters is estimated at 92.9% and 82.2% respectively. This is unlike the supermarkets whose sales are expected to drop by 2.9% until the end of the year 2020. The increase in the

Knowledge Management in Supply Chain Management Essay

Knowledge Management in Supply Chain Management - Essay Example The research provided efficient solutions to the problems and including the integrating system and providing effective IT solutions in the supply chain management. It also provided some recommendations to the major problems of KM in the company. The implementation plan revealed the type of knowledge and resource required in the KM project. The conclusion provided a summary in brief the main discussion on the topic under study. Knowledge Management in Supply Chain Management in Dell Company Introduction Knowledge management has become an emerging key issue in many organizations. Dell Company, which is an American conglomerate computer technology, is among the industries that incorporate knowledge management in the supply chain management process. The corporation has more than 103,300 workers worldwide, and it is among the leading technology industries. The company engages in design, development, manufacturing and marketing or distributing of diverse computer services globally. The emp loy corporate responsibility and business model of culture, compliance and credibility in order to achieve effective performance. Increased technology advancement has forced many organizations to employ effective methods; thus, use of knowledge management in many organizations has become the significant aspect. Knowledge management (KM) is a strategic tool or framework employed  to design, represent and distribute as well as enable adoption of experiences in business process. KM in supply management has become the leading area of concern and managerial challenges. For instance, the supply chain management has become one of the key areas that utilize knowledge management in order to achieve a competitive advantage. KM is increasing as a significant business asset in the supply chain management. However, Dell Company face varied challenges of incorporating knowledge management in the supply chain management process. Dell’s operates its business across the product line includi ng desktop computers, network services, computer notebooks and storage products. The company owner, Michael Dell established the business based on the sidestepping dealer concept. The company started selling  personal computer products straight to clients; thus evading the issue of delay and outlays of supply chain issues. Better financial performance contributed to its successful implementation of using direct sales model. However, despite the recent industrial growth, the company faces varied challenges. The foremost problem is increased technology changes; thus holding inventories an immense liability. Therefore, the organization employs knowledge management in supply management in order to design, manufacture, market and delivers computer products effectively across the globe. The company manages KM through aligning the organizational strategies and employs logistics as well as provides IT solutions effective for managing knowledge. Problem Identification and Analysis Increase d technology changes have become the main concerning the issue in the company’s supply chain management. Technology changes are significant because it enables the company to design or employ new business strategies that can enable them improve business performance (Dwivedi and Butcher (2009, p.123). Dell Company  is among

Components and functions of the complement system

Components and functions of the complement system The complement system found in the blood of mammals is composed of heat labile substances (proteins) that combine with antibodies or cell surfaces. This complex, multicomponent system is composed of about 26 proteins. The complement cascade is constitutive and non-specific but it must be activated in order to function. The functions of complement include: making bacteria more susceptible to phagocytosis directly lysing some bacteria and foreign cells producing chemotactic substances increasing vascular permeability causing smooth muscle contraction promoting mast cell degranulation The complement system can be activated via two distinct pathways; the classical pathway and the alternate pathway. Once initiated, a cascade of events (the complement cascade) ensues, providing the functions listed above. Most of the complement components are numbered (e.g. C1, C2, C3, etc.) but some are simply referred to as Factors. Some of the components must be enzymatically cleaved to activate their function; others simply combine to form complexes that are active. The following table lists these components and their functions. Components of the Classical Pathway Native component Active component(s) Function(s) C1(q,r,s) C1q Binds to antibody that has bound antigen, activates C1r. C1r Cleaves C1s to activate protease function. C1s Cleaves C2 and C4. C2 C2a Unknown. C2b Active enzyme of classical pathway; cleaves C3 and C5. C3 C3a Mediates inflammation; anaphylatoxin. C3b Binds C5 for cleavage by C2b. Binds cell surfaces for opsonization and activation of alternate pathway. C4 C4a Mediates inflammation. C4b Binds C2 for cleavage by C1s. Binds cell surfaces for opsonization. Components of the Alternate Pathway Native component Active component(s) Function(s) C3 C3a Mediates inflammation; anaphylatoxin. C3b Binds cell surfaces for opsonization and activation of alternate pathway. Factor B B Binds membrane bound C3b. Cleaved by Factor D. Ba Unknown. Bb Cleaved form stabilized by P produces C3 convertase. Factor D D Cleaves Factor B when bound to C3b. Properdin P Binds and stabilizes membrane bound C3bBb. Components of the Membrane-Attack Complex Native component Active component(s) Function(s) C5 C5a Mediates inflammation; anaphylatoxin, chemotaxin. C5b Initiates assembly of the membrane-attack complex (MAC). C6 C6 Binds C5b, forms acceptor for C7. C7 C7 Binds C5b6, inserts into membrane, forms acceptor for C8. C8 C8 Binds C5b67, initiates C9 polymerization. C9 C9n Polymerizes around C5b678 to form channel that causes cell lysis. ACTIVATION OF THE COMPLEMENT CASCADE Classical Pathway The classical pathway starts with C1; C1 binds to immunoglobulin Fc (primarily IgM and IgG); C1 is recognition complex composed of 22 polypeptide chains in 3 subunits; C1q, C1r, C1s. C1q is the actual recognition portion, a glycoprotein containing hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine that looks like a tulip flower. Upon binding via C1q, C1r is activated to become a protease that cleaves C1s to a form that activates (cleaves) both C2 and C4 to C2a/b and C4a/b. C2b and C4b combine to produce C3 convertase (C3 activating enzyme). C4a has anaphylactic activity (inflammatory response). C3 is central to both the classical and alternative pathways. In classical, C4b2b convertase cleaves C3 into C3a/b. C3a is a potent anaphylatoxin. C3b combines with C4b2b to form C4b2b3b complex that is a C5 convertase. C3b can also bind directly to cells making them susceptible to phagocytosis. C5 is converted by C5 convertase (i.e. C4b2b3b) to C5a/b. C5a has potent anaphylatoxic and chemotaxic activities. C5b functions as an anchor on the target cell surface to which the lytic membrane-attack complex (MAC) forms. MAC includes C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9. Once C9 polymerizes to form a hole in the cell wall, lysis ensues. Classical Pathway Component cleavage Enzymatic activity Component assembly Alternate Pathway The alternate pathway may be initiated by immunologic (e.g. IgA or IgE) or non-immunologic (e.g. LPS) means. The cascade begins with C3. A small amount of C3b is always found in circulation as a result of spontaneous cleavage of C3 but the concentrations are generally kept very low (see below). However, when C3b binds covalently to sugars on a cell surface, it can become protected. Then Factor B binds to C3b. In the presence of Factor D, bound Factor B is cleaved to Ba and Bb; Bb contains the active site for a C3 convertase. Next. properdin binds to C3bBb to stabilize the C3bBb convertase on cell surface leading to cleavage of C3. Finally, a C3bBb3b complex forms and this is a C5 convertase, cleaving C5 to C5a/b. Once formed, C5b initiates formation of the membrane attack complex as described above. Generally, only Gram-negative cells can be directly lysed by antibody plus complement; Gram-positive cells are mostly resistant. However, phagocytosis is greatly enhanced by C3b binding (phagocytes have C3b receptors on their surface) and antibody is not always required. In addition, complement can neutralize virus particles either by direct lysis or by preventing viral penetration of host cells. Alternate Pathway Component cleavage Enzymatic activity Component assembly REGULATION OF THE COMPLEMENT CASCADE Because both the classical and alternate pathways depend upon C3b, regulation of the complement cascade is mediated via 3 proteins that affect the levels and activities of this component. C1 Inhibitor inhibits the production of C3b by combining with and inactivating C1r and C1s. This prevents formation of the C3 convertase, C4b2b. Protein H inhibits the production of C3b by inhibiting the binding of Factor B to membrane-bound C3b, thereby preventing cleavage of B to Bb and production of the C3 convertase, C3bBb. Factor I inhibits the production of C3b by cleaving C3b into C3c and C3d, which are inactive. Factor I only works on cell membrane bound C3b, mostly on red blood cells (i.e. non-activator surfaces).

Salem Witch Trial and the Crucible

The Salem Witch trials caused a lot of hysteria in history, during 1692. The town of Salem is located in Massachusetts. The hysteria was drawn from the beliefs of witches, witchcraft and black magic. The topics of witches, witchcraft and black magic have been questioned for many centuries. These questions have been dated all the way back to B. C. times. There have been writings in The Bible about people saying that others have been seen performing witchcraft and are in need of being saved by God. There has been suspicion of witchcraft with the Egyptians, Native Americans, the Elizabethan Age, and Medieval times. Witchcraft and black magic can be described and seen in two ways. First, it can be looked upon as a religion of the ancient and traditional worships of the feminine, earthly, and amazing aspects of God which is considered a heresy. Secondly, it goes against the beliefs of the Christian Church. Witches and witchcraft are considered evil and are seen as making pacts, deals or connections with the Devil. It is not a coincidence that the first official witch trial took place in Massachusetts. A witch trial is when a person is accused of being a witch; they will then have to go to court to be testified to be seen guilty or innocent by a judge. This first witch trial happened in 1648, to a woman named Margaret Jones. The man who accused her was John Winthrop. He was governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony at the time. His reason for accusing Margaret of being a witch was because anyone who touched Margaret was taken with deafness, vomiting, sickness or pains. She was seen practicing physics, which women were not allowed to be learning about at the time. Also, anyone who she tried to help got worse and she foretold events that came true. The main reason why Winthrop accused her was because he was getting questioned about his authority by Margaret. Since she was a woman and was questioning him, he thought the best way to get rid of her was to send her to jail for being a â€Å"witch†. This became a common act used among many people in Salem to send the ones they hate to jail or even to death. The town of Salem is very small. Information and rumors can be spread around very quickly. This became a main factor of how hysteria started. There was a Native American who was a slave to the Parris family, her name was Tituba. She soon began to create a chain known as Tituba’s Circle. This circle was her way of spreading stories about the supernatural. She would perform and teach tricks, spells, voodoo and chants to young Puritan girls. In the Puritan religion it is forbidden to ever be practicing witchcraft. Two girls who were in this chain were Betty Parris, nine years old, and Abigail Williams, eleven years old. Abigail was Betty’s cousin and Tituba was Betty’s slave. The two girls all of a sudden started showing odd signs in their behaviors. 1) excruciating sensations of â€Å"pricking† or â€Å"pinching† (as by numberless pins and nails), also of â€Å"burning† (by invisible flames); (2)bizarre contortions of body parts: twisting, stretching, usual postures of extreme rigidity and limberness by turns; (3) frenzied motor activity: rolling on the ground, running about aimlessly, simulated â€Å"flying† and â€Å"diving†; occasional â€Å"barking† or other animal imitation; some impulse to injury or self or others; (4) periods of extreme immobility, amounting to paralysis; feelings of extraordinary pressure on the chest; (5) anorexia: more or less complete inhibitions of eating; (6) occasional forced consumption of invisible liquids when overpowered by the witch; (7) â€Å"frolicsome† intervals, mostly without pain; cavorting in a â€Å"ludicrous† way, babbling impertinent nonsense; insults and gestures of physical assault toward bystanders, friends, and family(Rice, 24) These conditions were rarely seen by doctors. There were no medicines to cure their behaviors, so they were diagnosed with witchcraft. They were thought to be under the hands of the devil. The girls received long periods of complete silence, lasting hours or days, to calm the girls down. Now a day with the knowledge of doctors, these behaviors can be diagnosed as anxiety and can possibly be caused by being sexually abused or beaten. Discrimination played a major part in the Salem Witch Trials. Most accusations were made upon old women. Betty and Abigail called upon two women, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne to be witches. They said that they were seen to be in company with the devil and were sending their spirits to hurt them. The town believed them because Sarah Good was 39 but looked the age of 70. She had long gray hair, a raspy voice, winkled face and was seen smoking a pipe a lot. She was married two times, her first husband died and her second husband became poor after their marriage. The town’s people believed she caused both of her marriages to fail. Sarah Osborne was 69, widowed and had not been to the Puritan church for three years. The first execution in Salem was to a woman of 71, Rebecca Nurse. She was a well-respected woman in the town and was also a devoted member of the Puritan church. She had acquired land from the Putnam family, but a rival over its ownership started to occur. Ann Putnam accused Rebecca of being a witch out of spite to get her family’s land back. This led Rebecca to be put on trial. At first, she was proven innocent, but then Ann Putnam said that Rebecca tried again to send her spirit out. This time Rebecca was found guilty. On July 19th she was hung. The people in the town were getting over paranoid. People were accusing others left and right. If someone was seen either mumbling to themselves, having an eccentric behavior, having a dispute with the Parris family, not going to church, going to a different church, speaking a different language, having connections to the previous Indian war, or expressing support for a recently accused witch then they were now being accused of witchcraft. Nineteen people were accused of witchcraft and were hung. They were hung at Gallows Hill from the month of June to August. Some of the ways people would try to get out of death for being accused as a witch were to flee Salem, accuse someone else, try to get pregnant or fake a pregnancy, confess even if innocent, plead innocent at trial or refuse to stand for a trial. Getting pregnant or faking a pregnancy would give someone a year to live to have the baby and hope that the hysteria would be over. The confession of being a witch even if innocent actually didn’t lead to death, just being sentenced to life in jail. The plead for innocence would be to hope that the judge would see you innocent. Out of the nineteen people hung, five of them were males. George Burroughs, John Willard, George Jacobs, John Proctor and Giles Corey were all convicted. The court was also getting out of hand and having inappropriate behavior. The men didn’t have the suspicion of being witches, like the woman. They went against the court to try and prove innocence for the accused and because of that they were convicted. Finally on October 3rd, Governor Phipps in a sermon to other ministers, showed evidence that the witch trials should end. The court was dissolved and was not allowed to have any more witch trials. Property of the accused was given back. Those who were already found guilty were pardoned. The remaining accused were tried and then found innocent. In Arthur Miller’s play The Crucible, there are many similarities to the Salem Witch Trials. The play is based on the people and the events of the Salem Witch Trials. The play shows how the town’s people were getting consumed by the thought of witchcraft. It displays how people were going behind each other’s backs to get revenge. It also demonstrates how the people acted in the court. Since The Crucible is a drama there are some parts that are not true. There was no incidence where a whole bunch of young girls were dancing in the woods. Abigail was not seventeen and did not have an affair with John Proctor. In conclusion, the hysteria during the Salem Witch Trials led to nineteen deaths. The want for revenge went to an extreme. Many innocent people were convicted without being properly heard, and their deaths came too soon. The Salem Witch Trials will never be forgotten or go unnoticed. They will forever be a reminder that no one will ever die again convicted as a witch in the United States.

Derek Liu

DEREK LIU ENGLISH TEAM †¢ ? Sir , blue-blooded ,? Sir , †¢ , , , 04? Sir ,! †¢ 2011-12 DSE †¢ DSE ( Level 5 7. 6%),Derek Liu English Team 324? Level 5/5*/5** , 5 ! †¢ 2010 Derek Liu English Team 405? Level 5/5* ,Level 4 410? ,!! 2010 3 10A Sir †¢ , , †¢ Sir Beat 334 Paper 3 Listening? HKDSE Beat Paper 1 Reading? Super Word Power , ,? 5! †¢ 04-09 , (05-06 ) (06-07 ) , Sir †¢ 05? 06 3 10A Sir ,? 07 ?1? 5A Sir , Sir †¢ 2002 Sir , , 03-05 (SWA) 02 WHY DEREK ? 1 2 DSE ( Level 5 7. 6%),Derek Liu English Team 324? Level 5/5*/5** ( Paper ), 5! DSE ( P. 4),08 CE Paper 1B Q. 2 (? ),09 UE Section B Q. 3 ( ),10 CE Paper 1B Q. 2 (YouTube/Facebook),11UE Section B Q. 2 (Social Responsibility), ,! 3 W H Y D E R E K ’s C a p t u r e 1 ! 2 3 ! ! Plan A (Paper 1 + 2 = 4? ) Plan B (Paper 3 + 4 = 4? ) Derek Liu English Team , , , , ! ( ) ? 8 600 , , ?600 , , Sir? , , ,! , 100% Sir ,Capture ? , ,! Regular Course , Capt ure DSE Capture ,! 2008 2009 2010 2012 ! 03 DEREK LIU ENGLISH TEAMVivien Chan @ St. Rose of Lima’s College I am glad that I’ve chosen Derek as my English tutor, who helped me to get 5* in HKDSE English subject. Not only did he spend a lot of time and effort in preparing the teaching materials, he also taught very well, in which he gave us a lot of extra information and exercises. Thank you Derek, for improving my English signi? cantly with the wide range of vocabularies and language pattern! Sonia Tam @ Marymount Secondary School Thank you for the skills! They are very practical and useful! Thank you! Leung Ling Sum @ Belilios Public SchoolWith Derek’s professional teaching and logical analysis of various examination question types, I got a more in-depth understanding of different answering tactics. Thanks Derek. P Oh, and I really did appreciate the colorful notes. .S. Ng Wai Ka @ Ho Yu College and Primary School Derek is a great teacher who teaches us whole heartedly with well-designed notes. In fact, he not only teachers, but also inspires – through Facebook. Although there is no live teaching, his every lesson never disappointed me. @ Liu Sir Eng Vocab Oral Writing Liu Sir Sentence Structur Thanks! @Monthly Feature Listening Practice – Karen Wong @ Good Hope School I have been Mr. Liu’s student for half a year. In the beginning, I thought that taking an English tutorial is not as useful and effective as what the school has done, because language cannot be improved within merely a year, it’s something about whether you got a strong foundation or not. But after attending Mr. Liu’s class, I found that there are more to learn in his lesson. Wording structure, dif? cult word phrases, vocabularies, all of which help to strengthen my language base. I feel more con? dent to write, and to speak, as well.His notes are comprehensive, in a sense that they cover all areas in English Language. Thank you, Mr. Liu, and your team, for all your hard work and preparation. I appreciate all your efforts to us. Thanks. @ Capture A (Plan A + Plan B) Paper 2 Law writing logic Law Essay Wish you forever success in tutorial industry and produce countless students with brilliant exam results! Writing Wong Lik Chi @ Munsang College Your notes are always found useful, clear and inspiring! Before I joined your listening intensive courses, I had failed in listening exam in school; after I had joined your courses, I got a 5* in listening.Thanks a lot! Derek! Lau Hon Yiu @ Queen’s College 5* Derek Sir Thank you very much Facebook Fu Ho Cheung @ Cheung Sha Wan Catholic Secondary School Derek Liu 5** Derek Liu Derek Liu 04 DSE Capture by Derek Plan A Paper 1 + 2 Plan B Paper 3 + 4 ,? Regular Course ,? Paper 1 ,Paper 2? , ?,! DSE 324 ? 5/5*/5**, ! 1. Paper 1 Mock Paper Set X + 2. 5** Sample Scripts for 8 Elective Modules ,? Regular Course ,? ,Paper 3 (2-3 ? ), + Paper 4 (5 ?), Conversational Strate gies! DSE 24 ? 5/5*/5**,! 1. Golden Ideas for Group Discussion 2. Group Discussion Samples (6 sets) 3. Individual Response Samples (10 sets) 2013 , ,! 3 DSE , ! 05 Plan A Paper1 Paper 1 + Paper 2 ?4? Reading (1. 5 lessons)  « 100% 2012 Past Paper! ?(Paper 1+2)!  « DSE!  « Poem Reading, , ,? ,!  « 1. 5 : (1) Guess meaning? (2) Pronoun Reference? (3) Information completion? (4) Blank-filling? (5) M. C. Cloze? (6) Sequencing? (7) Matching? (8) Summary Cloze? (9) Evidence quoting? 10) Openended questions? (11) Tone & Style? (12) Poem reading? (13) Underlying message? (14) Others  « , , 1. Mock Paper Set X,100% , Paper2 Writing (2. 5 lessons)  « Derek Liu English Team , 2. 5? !!  « 4 ? Short Tasks ( ), ?8 Short Task , examinable topics!  « 8 ? Long Tasks ( writing formats & writing types), Regular Course ?Writing Formulae, ,KO ! Sample Essays (50 pages! ) 06 2013 Plan A Paper2 ( ) Paper 1 + Paper 2 ?4? Writing (2. 5 lessons) / , 30? , ! This kind of obsc ene materials convey nothing but pornography addiction and casual sex. The big thing about Steve Jobs is not his genius or his charisma but his extraordinary risk-taking and innovation. Lady Gaga In Lady Gaga’s new MV ‘Telephone’, she just pranced around almost completely naked. The video was disgusting and full of raunchiness. Steve Jobs redefined the music business through the iPod, the cellphone business through the iPhone and the entertainment and media world through the iPad. Steve Jobs 5 ! ,ElectiveModules,Regular Course ! †¢ Learning English through Debating †¢ Learning English through Social Issues English through Sports Communication †¢ Learning English through Workplace Communication †¢ Learning English through Popular Culture Learning †¢ Learning English through Short Stories †¢ †¢ Learning English through Drama & Songs †¢ Learning English through Poems , , 07 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar A6ENGLDLA : Paper 1 + 2 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) Plan A By Derek Liu English Team by Derek Liu KB01 KB02 KB03 KB04 KB05 KB06 KB07 KB08 KB09 KB10 KB11 KB12 KB13 KB14 KB15 KB16 KB17 KB18 KB19 KB20 KB21 KB22 KB23 TK01 TK02 TK03 TK04 TK05 Sat 2:05-3:20 pm Sat 2:05-3:20 pm Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Fri 6:00-7:15 pm Fri 6:00-7:15 pm Sat 4:45-6:00 pm Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Sun 10:05-11:20 am Sat 10:05-11:20 am Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Sun 2:05-3:20 pm Fri 3:25-4:40 pm Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Wed 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm Wed 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm Thu 6:00-7:15 pm Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Tue 3:25-4:40 pm Fri 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( Mon 12:45-2:00 pm Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Sat 6:00-7:15 pm Mon 6:00-7:15 pm Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 2/3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 8/3-15/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 2/ 3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 5/3-12/3 4V ( ) 19/3-26/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V 20/3-27/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 5/3-26/3 4V 1/3-8/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V 13/3-20/3 4V 8/3-15/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V $540 08 ## @ Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar MK01 MK02 MK03 MK04 MK05 MK06 MK07 MK08 MK09 MK10 MK11 MK12 MK13 MK14 TW01 TW02 TW03 TW04 TW05 TW06 TW07 TW08 TW09 TW10 TW11 TW12 YL01 YL02 YL03 YL04 YL05 YL06 ## ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Sat 2:05-3:20 pm Sun 10:05-11:20; 11:25-12:40 pm ( ) Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Fri 8:30-9:45 pm Mon 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( Sat 3:25-4:40 pm Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) S at 11:25-12:40 pm Wed 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Thu 8:30-9:45 pm Wed 4:45-6:00 pm Wed 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Thu 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Thu 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Mon 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 3/3-10/3 4V 17/3-24/3 4V 9/3-16/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 10/3-17/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 11/3-18/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 4/3-11/3 4V 18/3-25/3 4V 19/3-26/3 4V 9/3-16/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 1/3-8/3 4V ( ) 15/3-22/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 6/3-27/3 4V 20/3-27/3 4V 7/3-14/3 4V 21/3-28/3 4V 13/3-20/3 4V 1/3-8/3 4V 15/3-22/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 4/3-11/3 4V 3/3-10/3 4V $540 @ , 09 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar TM01 TM02 TM03 TM04 TM05 TM06 TM07 TM08 TM09 TM10 S101 S102 S201 S202 S203 S204 S205 S206 S207 FT01 FT02 F T03 FT04 TY01 TY02 TY03 FL01 FL02 FL03 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Sun 10:05-11:20 am Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Thu 7:15-8:30 pm Sat 3:25-4:40 pm Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( Tue 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Fri 7:15-8:30 pm Fri 7:15-8:30 pm Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 10:05-11:20 am Fri 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Sat 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Thu 6:00-7:15 pm Thu 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Mon 7:15-8:30 pm ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V 20/3-27/3 4V 12/3-19/3 4V 26/3-2/4 4V 5/3-12/3 4V 19/3-26/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V ( ) 16/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 15/3-22/3 4V 11/3-18/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 7/3-14/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 10/3-17/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V $540 10 ## @ , Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar Sat 10:05-11:20 am CB01 Sat 2:05-3:20 pm CB02 Fri 8:30-9:45 pm CB03 Sat 4:45-6:00 pm CB04 Sat 3:25-4:40 pm CB05 Sat 12:45-2:00 pm NP01 Sat 3:25-4:40 pm NP02 Sun 3:25-4:40 pm NP03 Mon 7:15-8:30 pm NP04 Fri 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) NP05 AB01 Tue 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) AB02 Tue 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 2/3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 9/3-6/4 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V ( ) 2/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V 8/3-15/3 4V 5/3-12/3 4V 19/3-26/3 4V $540 ## @ , 11 Plan B Paper3 Paper 3 + Paper 4 ?4? Listening (2 lessons)  « 100% 2012Past Paper ! !  « 3? Long Tasks Format! Marking Scheme, Long Tasks!  « 4? Short Tasks, Ta pescript , !  « DSE? CE & AL ,!  « 2 : Short Tasks Long Tasks †¢ Form-filling / Checklist / Table-filling / Others †¢ Opening ( ) & Closing ( ) / Layout ( ) Non-reply Letter Reply Letter Article Speech Personal Profile Simple Report Press Release Email Content ( ) & Relevance ( ) ?/? Data File ?Answers Data File 12 Plan B Paper4 Paper 3 + Paper 4 ?4? Speaking (2 lessons)  « 5 , Paper 4!!  « Conversational Strategies, Sentence Patterns? Useful Diction? Golden Ideas,!  « Sample Discussion? Sample Responses,? 14!  « 2 : Group Discussion 1. 2. 3. 4. Elaborate by Examples Elaborate by borrowing Elaborate by Dos/Don’ts Elaborate by providing alternatives 5. Give concrete names 6. Elaborate by listing the pros and cons Individual Response dead air ! 6. Giving & Supporting Opinions 7. Agreeing & Disagreeing 8. Advantages & Disadvantages 9. Proposing Solutions to Problems 7. Ask ‘Wh-’ questions and provide answers 8. Elaborate by ‘Ifâ₠¬â„¢ 9. Lead the members 10.Refute the others 11. Offer assistance 1. Do you prefer X to Y? 2. What do you dislike about X? 3. What do you like most about X? 4. Why do some people like X? 5. How would you improve X? 1 5% ! 1. Golden Ideas for Group Discussion 2. Group Discussion Samples (6 sets) 3. Individual Response Samples (10 sets) Derek Liu English Team! 13 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar A6ENGLDLB KB01 KB02 KB03 KB04 KB05 KB06 KB07 KB08 KB09 KB10 KB11 KB12 KB13 KB14 KB15 1. : Paper 3 + 4 2. ?3? 4 Paper 4 -Oral , 4 5 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions)Plan B By Derek Liu English Team by Derek Liu Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 1/3,26/4 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 22/3,3/5 4V Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 2/3-9/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 16/3-23/3 4V Sat 4:45-6:00 pm 27/4-4/5 Sun 2:05-3:20 pm 3/3-10/3 4V Sat 10:05-11:20 am 27/4-4/5 Sun 2:05-3:20 pm 17/3-24/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30 pm 1/3-8/3, 26/4-3/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30 pm 15/3-22/3 4V Fri 6:00-7:15 pm 26/4-3/5 Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 7/3-14/3 4V Sat 2:05-3:20 pm 27/4-4/5 ( ) Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 21/3-28/3 4V Fri 6:00-7:15 pm 26/4-3/5 Mon 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( 4/3 4V Tue 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 30/4 Mon 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 25/3 4V Tue 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 7/5 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 27/3 4V Sun 10:05-11:20 am 28/4-5/5 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 2/4 4V Sun 2:05-3:20 pm 28/4-5/5 Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 5/4 4V Sun 12:45-2:00 pm 28/4-5/5 $540 14 ## @ , Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar TK01 TK02 TK03 TK04 MK01 MK02 MK03 MK04 MK05 MK06 MK07 MK08 MK09 MK10 TW01 TW02 TW03 TW04 TW05 TW06 TW07 ?4? (V. L. P. (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 1/3,26/4 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 22/3,3/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 16/3-23/3 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 4/5 Sat 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 19/3 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4V 27/4 Sat 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) Sat 12:45-2:00 pm 2/3-9/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Sat 12:45-2:00 pm 16/3-23/3 4V Sat 2:05-3:20 pm 27/4-4/5 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 2/3,27/4 4V Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 23/3,4/5 4V Sun 10:05-11:20; 11:25-12:40 pm ( ) 3/3,5/5 4V Sun 10:05-11:20; 11:25-12:40 pm ( ) 24/3 4V Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( 5/5 Mon 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 4/3,6/5 4V Mon 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 25/3 4V Fri 8:30-9:45 pm 26/4-3/5 ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 5/3 4V Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 27/4-4/5 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 12/3 4V Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 28/4 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 2/3,27/4 4V Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 23/3,4/5 4V Fri 4:45-6:00 pm 1/3-8/3 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 26/4 Fri 4:45-6:00 pm 15/3-22/3 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 3/5 Wed 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 3/4,8/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( 5/4 4V Fri 4:45-6:00 pm 26/4-3/5 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 6/3 4V Sat 11:25-12:40 pm 27/4-4/5 @ , $540 ## 15 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape Cap Star TW08 YL01 YL02 YL03 YL04 TM01 TM02 TM03 TM04 TM05 TM06 S101 S201 S202 S203 S204 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 27/3 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4V 25/4-2/5 Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 2/3-9/3 Sat 10:05-11:20 am 4V 26/4 Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 16/3-23/3 Sat 10:05-11:20 am 4V 3/5 Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( 17/3 Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 4V 27/4 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 24/3 Sun 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4V 4/5 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 10/3,5/5 4V Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 17/3 Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4V 27/4 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 9/3-16/3 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 2/5 Thu 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 24/3 Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4V 4/5 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) ( ) 23/3-6/4 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 25/4 Thu 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 5/3 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( 4V 28/4-5/5 Sun 10:05-11:20 am 2/4,30/4 4V Tue 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 2/3-9/3 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 27/4 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 16/3-23/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Fri 8:30-9:45 pm 22/3-5/4 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 3/5 Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4/3 4V Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4/5 $540 16 ## @ , Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar FT01 FT02 FT03 TY01 TY02 FL01 FL02 CB01 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) CB02 CB03 NP01 NP02 NP03 NP04 AB01 AB02 /3-9/3 Sat 2:05-3:20 pm 4V 27/4 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 16/3-23/3 Sat 11:25-12:40 pm 4V 4/5 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 21/3-28/3 Thu 4:45-6:00 pm 4V 2/5 Thu 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 14/3 Thu 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm (DL) 4V 27/4 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 21/3 Thu 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm (DL) 4V 4/5 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 3/3,5/5 Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 4V Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 24/3,12/5 4V 2/3,27/4 4V Sat 3:25-4:40; 4:45-6:00 pm ( ) 27/3-3/4 Wed 8:30-9:45 pm 4V 26/4-3/5 Fri 8:30-9:45 pm 2/4 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( 4V 27/4-4/5 Sat 2:05 -3:20 pm ( ) 1/3 Fri 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4V 27/4-4/5 Sat 12:45-2:00 pm Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 7/3-14/3, 2/5-9/5 4V Fri 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 22/3 4V Sat 3:25-4:40 pm 27/4-4/5 Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 21/3-28/3 Sun 3:25-4:40 pm 5/5 4V Mon 7:15-8:30 pm 6/5 Tue 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 2/4 4V Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 27/4 Mon 8:30-9:45 pm 25/3 Tue 6:00-7:15 pm 2/4 4V Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 4/5 $540 ## @ , 17 Capture (Plan A/B) ? DSE www. derekliu. com. hk ? Derek’s Blog ( )

Difference Between Atomic Weight and Atomic Mass

Difference Between Atomic Weight and Atomic Mass Atomic weight and atomic mass are two important concepts in chemistry and physics. Many people use the terms interchangeably, but they dont actually mean the same thing. Take a look at the difference between atomic weight and atomic mass and understand why most people are confused or dont care about the distinction. (If youre taking a chemistry class, it could show up on a test, so pay attention!) Atomic Mass Versus Atomic Weight Uranium has two primordial isotopes (uranium-238 and uranium-235). Uranium-238 has 92 protons plus 146 neutrons and uranium-235 92 protons and 143 neutrons. Â  Pallava Bagla/Getty Images Atomic mass (ma) is the mass of an atom. A single atom has a set number of protons and neutrons, so the mass is unequivocal (wont change) and is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom. Electrons contribute so little mass that they arent counted. Atomic weight is a weighted average of the mass of all the atoms of an element, based on the abundance of isotopes. The atomic weight can change because it depends on our understanding of how much of each isotope of an element exists. Both atomic mass and atomic weight rely on the atomic mass unit (amu), which is 1/12th the mass of an atom of carbon-12 in its ​ground state. Can Atomic Mass and Atomic Weight Ever Be the Same? If you find an element that exists as only one isotope, then the atomic mass and the atomic weight will be the same. Atomic mass and atomic weight may equal each other whenever you are working with a single isotope of an element, too. In this case, you use the atomic mass in calculations rather than the atomic weight of the element from the periodic table. Weight Versus Mass: Atoms and More Mass is a measure of the quantity of a substance, while weight is a measure of how a mass acts in a gravitational field. On Earth, where we are exposed to a fairly constant acceleration due to gravity, we dont pay much attention to the difference between the terms. After all, our definitions of mass were pretty much made with Earth gravity in mind, so if you say a weight has a mass of 1 kilogram and a 1 weight of 1 kilogram, youre right. Now, if you take that 1 kg mass to the Moon, its weight will be less. So, when the term atomic weight was coined back in 1808, isotopes were unknown and Earth gravity was the norm. The difference between atomic weight and atomic mass became known when F.W. Aston, the inventor of the mass spectrometer (1927) used his new device to study neon. At that time, the atomic weight of neon was believed to be 20.2 amu, yet Aston observed two peaks in the mass spectrum of neon, at relative masses 20.0 amu and 22.0 amu. Aston suggested there two actually two types of neon atoms in his sample: 90% of the atoms having a mass of 20 amu and 10% with a mass of 22 amu. This ratio gave a weighted average mass of 20.2 amu. He called the different forms of the neon atoms isotopes. Frederick Soddy had proposed the term isotopes in 1911 to describe atoms that occupy the same position in the periodic table, yet are different. Even though atomic weight is not a good description, the phrase has stuck around for historical reasons. The correct term today is relative atomic mass - the only weight part of the atomic weight is that it is based on a weighted average of isotope abundance.

Archaeological Hearths - Features With Benefits

Archaeological Hearths - Features With Benefits A hearth is an archaeological feature that represents the remnants of a purposeful fire. Hearths can be extremely valuable elements of an archaeological site, as they are indicators of a whole range of human behaviors and provide an opportunity for obtaining radiocarbon dates for the period that people used them. Hearths are typically used to cook food, but may also have been used to heat-treat lithics, burn pottery and/or a variety of social reasons such a beacon to let others know where you are, a way to keep predators away, or simply provide a warm and inviting gathering place. The purposes of a hearth are often discernible within the remnants: and those purposes are key to understanding the human behaviors of the people who used it. Types of Hearths Over the millennia of human history, there have been a wide variety of intentionally-built fires: some were simply piles of wood stacked on the ground, some were excavated into the ground and covered to provide steam heat, some were built up with adobe brick for use as earth ovens, and some were stacked upwards with a mix of fired brick and potsherds to act as ad hoc pottery kilns. A typical archaeological hearth falls in the middle range of this continuum, a bowl-shaped soil discoloration, within which is evidence that the contents have been exposed to temperatures between 300-800 degrees centigrade. How do archaeologists identify a hearth with this range of shapes and sizes? There are three crucial elements to a hearth: inorganic material used to shape the feature; organic material burned in the feature; and evidence of that combustion. Shaping the Feature: Fire-Cracked Rock In places in the world where rock is readily available, the defining characteristic of a hearth is often plenty of fire-cracked rock, or FCR, the technical term for rock thats been cracked by exposure to high temperatures. FCR is differentiated from other broken rock because it has been discolored and thermally altered, and although often the pieces can be refit together, there is no evidence of impact damage or deliberate stone working. However, not all FCR is discolored and cracked. Experiments recreating the processes that make fire-cracked rock have revealed that the presence of discoloration (reddening and/or blackening) and spalling of larger specimens depends both on the kind of rock being used (quartzite, sandstone, granite, etc.) and the kind of fuel (wood, peat, animal dung) used in the fire. Both of those drive the temperatures of a fire, as does the length of time the fire is lit. Well-fed campfires can easily create temperatures up to 400-500 degrees centigrade; long-sustained fires can get to 800 degrees or more. When hearths have been exposed to the weather or agricultural processes, disturbed by animals or humans, they can still be identified as scatters of fire-cracked rock. Burned Bone and Plant Parts If a hearth was used to cook dinner, the leftovers of what was processed in the hearth may include animal bone and plant matter, which can be preserved if turned to charcoal. Bone which was buried under fire becomes carbonized and black, but bones on the surface of a fire are often calcined and white. Both types of carbonized bone can be radiocarbon-dated; if the bone is large enough, it can be identified to species, and if it is well-preserved, often cut-marks resulting from butchery practices can be found. Cut-marks themselves can be very useful keys to understanding human behaviors. Plant parts can also be found in hearth contexts. Burned seeds are often preserved in hearth conditions, and microscopic plant residues such as starch grains, opal phytoliths and pollen may also be preserved if conditions are right. Some fires are too hot and will damage the shapes of plant parts; but on occasion, these will survive and in an identifiable form. Combustion The presence of burned sediments, burnt patches of earth identified by discoloration and exposure to heat, is not always macroscopically apparent, but can be identified by micromorphological analysis, when microscopically thin slices of earth are examined to identify tiny fragments of ashed plant material and burnt bone fragments. Finally, non-structured hearthshearths that either were placed on the surface and were weathered by long-term wind exposure and rain/frost weathering, made without large stones or the stones were deliberately removed later and are not marked by burned soilshave still been identified at sites, based on the presence of concentrations of large quantities of burnt stone (or heat-treated) artifacts. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Archaeology Features, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Backhouse PN, and Johnson E. 2007. Where were the hearths: an experimental investigation of the archaeological signature of prehistoric fire technology in the alluvial gravels of the Southern Plains. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(9):1367-1378. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.027Bentsen SE. 2014. Using Pyrotechnology: Fire-related features and activities with a focus on the African Middle Stone Age. Journal of Archaeological Research 22(2):141-175.Fernndez Peris J, Gonzlez VB, Blasco R, Cuartero F, Fluck H, Saà ±udo P, and Verdasco C. 2012. The earliest evidence of hearths in Southern Europe: The case of Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). Quaternary International 247(0):267-277. Goldberg P, Miller C, Schiegl S, Ligouis B, Berna F, Conard N, and Wadley L. 2009.Bedding, hearths, and site maintenance in the Middle Stone Age of Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 1(2):95-122. Gowlett JAJ, and Wrangham RW. 2013. Earliest fire in Africa: tow ards the convergence of archaeological evidence and the cooking hypothesis. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 48(1):5-30. Karkanas P, Koumouzelis M, Kozlowski JK, Sitlivy V, Sobczyk K, Berna F, and Weiner S. 2004. The earliest evidence for clay hearths: Aurignacian features in Klisoura Cave 1, southern Greece. Antiquity 78(301):513–525.Marquer L, Otto T, Nespoulet R, and Chiotti L. 2010. A new approach to study the fuel used in hearths by hunter-gatherers at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Abri Pataud (Dordogne, France). Journal of Archaeological Science 37(11):2735-2746. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.009Sergant J, Crombe P, and Perdaen Y. 2006. The ‘invisible’ hearths: a contribution to the discernment of Mesolithic non-structured surface hearths. Journal of Archaeological Science 33:999-1007.

It's not the size of the dog in the fight, it's the size of the fight Essay

It's not the size of the dog in the fight, it's the size of the fight in the dog - Essay Example Her father was a radio announcer for years and of course his name was used on air. McClusky did not have trouble with her McFest name until she applied for patent for the continuing concerts. That is, of course, when McDonalds got involved. Knowing you have been served from a company like McDonalds (the big dog) would make most regular people give up (the little dog) but not McClusky, This paper will introduce the fight this little dog plans on winning. McDonlads, it would seem has a McFamily of names that cannot be used by others. Those include McWatchy, McDouble, McJobs, McShirt, McPool, McShades, McFree, McRuler, McLight and even just Mc. So McClusky has the wrong last name. There were no objections from the big dog when McClusky raised $30,000 in charity for the Special Olympics last year. Could it be because McDonlads also supports Special Olympics and it was seemingly free advertising for them. Now, $5,000 of that money has gone to pay lawyers to support the little dogs point of view (fight). McClusky says she cant understand when one company can infringe on the rights ones sir name gives them and will continue this fight in the courts, however, she wants this money to go to charity and not to lawyers. McDonalds says they have the legal mandate to protect their trademark and that trademark means anything that starts with Mc. Well, how can that be, McClusky says does that mean because her name is a Mc name that she does not ne ed a separate trademark as she is already part of the Mc names? Surely they cannot force her to change her sir name and this is her chartable business. McDonalds contends that they will continue this fight and that there will be no use of the Mc trademark and McClusky responds with the fact that she cannot change the name of a concert series that has already been functioning for two years. People expect to see that name and that it is a charitable concert raising money for one of several charities. In fact,

Correct Common Student Errors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Correct Common Student Errors - Essay Example Firstly, Student A appears to have a sound grasp of the concept of long division. The student has meticulously conducted every step in the process correctly except the initial multiplication calculation. The basic multiplication step of 9x8 =72 and 8x9 =72 eludes the student. Both problems in the worksheet involving 9x8 and 8x9 the student responded with an answer of 71. Every other dimension of the division problem was accurate. It is relatively simply to verify that the student is unaware of the fact that 9x8 =72 and 8x9 is 72 and not 71 because it was performed for both problems in the worksheet. A further strategy for verification besides that of observation would be to have a one on one session with the student and ask the student to repeat the 8 or the 9 times tables for you. At the point where the student states an inaccurate response is the best verification. This problem can be corrected by ensuring that the student knows the 8 times and 9 times tables. The teacher may ask the student to observe the 8 times or the 9 times tables on the wall chart. In the 8 times table when the student reaches 8x9, the teacher may ask the student to stop. The teacher may ask, ‘do you observe any differences between the answer on the wall chart and the answer on your worksheet?’ This student seems to be very assiduous, thus an exclamation of joy or disappointment may occur at the same time that the student observes the mistake that was made in multiplying 8x9. This procedure may not have to be repeated for the second problem as the student may immediately realize the mistake if the concept of the associative property of multiplication was previously taught. Student B also has a fairly good grasp of the procedure but this student does not realize that a 0 should be placed in the tens column of the quotient to signify that the answer is 3097 for 12388 Ã · 4 and 1043 r 3 for 5217 Ã · 5. An interesting gap in the procedure is that on the initial

Motivation, leadership style and performance management Essay

Motivation, leadership style and performance management - Essay Example This essay is structured in different sections, with each section dealing with one factor of crucial influence on performance. The first section discusses the various theories of motivation including the works of Maslow (1943), Alderfer (1972), McClelland (1955) and evaluates the impact of motivation on the group’s performance. The second section discusses theories of leadership by XYZ, and assesses the impact of leadership style on the performance of our group. The third section of the essay covers performance measurement as the factor that impacts on the team performance. The final section of this essay covers my conclusions and the recommendations that can help in better performance management. The first factor that I intend to relate to performance of team is motivation. Motivation has been one of the most studied and discussed topics relevant to performance. According to one of the oldest and most popular theories of motivation, motivation is the result of drives or needs that human beings have. For example, Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy of Needs (1943) states that there are several stages of needs, like the basic needs for food, shelter and security; social needs related to feeling a sense of belongingness or affection, status and self-esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. As a person is able to fill his lower order needs, the higher order needs become operant and motivate him. See Figure 1 below: Figure 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Source: Maslow, 1943). Another version of the derive theory is that proposed by Alderfer (1972), which segregates these needs into only three categories – ERG or existence, Relatedness and Growth needs. According to Alderfer (1972), all three types of needs can be operational at the same time. Similarly, a theory of need is proposed by McClelland (1955), which states that people are motivated by different needs and the prominent need defines what factors may motivate them. For example , according to McClelland (1955), people who have a high need for achievement are motivated by challenging tasks and lofty objectives, while people who have a high need for affiliation are motivated by opportunities that furnish them with more social interactions or recognition. Need for power is high in people who are motivated to obtain positions of high status and power. These theories root the basis of motivation into an internal need of the person. In contrast to these theories, theories like that of Vroom (1964), consider the external rewards and expectations as the driving forces for motivation and performance. Vroom’s theory states that people gauge if their efforts are capable of getting them the desired performance, and if the performance outcome can lead them to their goals or rewards. This means that there are basically two aspects to motivation one is the expectations of a link between effort and performance, and the other a direct link between the performance an d rewards. Another essential aspect of motivation according to this theory is the desirability of the reward or the expected value of the reward. People are motivated to expend the effort only if the reward has value for them. As such, motivation according to this theory is a product of: Motivation = Expectancy X Instrumentality X Valence Where, Expectancy is expectation that the effort leads to performance Instrumentality is the perception that the performance will be instrumental in attaining the reward Valence is the value of the reward for the person In addition, motivation can be both extrinsic, as in the case where rewards and incentives are the motivating factors, and intrinsic, where the person wants to fulfil an internal need –

International and Comparative Relations Essay Example for Free

International and Comparative Relations Essay As the number of hired workers in companies raises so are the Human Resources Managers facing more challenges as they need to maintain a competitive edge in their business both at home and abroad. Chinas entry into the World Trade Organization created fresh opportunities which resulted to some firms retreating and others expanding (Bamber, Lansbury Wailes, 2004), making the entry of foreign firms to be faced by challenges than it was in the 1970s and thus even the HR managers are in for a challenge since they have to carefully know how to tackle the culture of post-WTO China so as to have an effective HRM systems. According to Lucas (2004) it is important to understand the HRM challenges facing foreign firms in China and how to overcome them. According to information given by interviewees, who included senior managers and private equity specialists, it was discovered that the Western model of HRM may not solve the challenges. Firms had to come out with ideas on how to manage human resources in response to the changing environment in China. To know how the firms were doing this, interviews were conducted rather than survey instrument (Deery Mitchell, 1999). After the interviews it was noted that the strategies of the HR in China differed from those of the West. For instance one of the HR process in China is selection of people they want to work in their companies. Some private successful firms wanted young people who are from school others selected people who do not drink or smoke. While firms really wanted to remove redundant employees in their companies, some of the managers that were interviewed said that there was benefit â€Å"organized† over-staffing. Again in the issue of employee contribution; to encourage employee contribution there had to be change of mentality like their association of mistakes with penalties. It was noted that many employees in the foreign firms were afraid to do anything outside their job description thus the HRM policies were encouraged to aim at helping these employees. There was also the issue of training programs in which they should also teach about what is wrong and its solution.  Ã‚   One way of helping these employees according to (Verma, Kochan Lansbury, 1995) was to train them well in their jobs so as to extend even beyond their job description. This however has to be encouraged through creation of friendly environment involvement in risk taking. There is also another problem of lack of ground rules that are well-established which results to interference with the operations. Some individuals have the power to stop some industries from operating. The foreign firms thus need to know the relevant person in that location. The HR has the role to select well-connected people in management team (Morgenstern, 1984). Even in some companies they need the individuals they want to hire for their jobs to have connections with government bodies or powerful individuals so as they can link them in case of a problem. The HR also plays the role of â€Å"change agent† (Blanpain, Lansbury Park, 2002) where they help firms implement new programs, improve processes and transform positively the organizations culture. Employment relationship is vital as the employers need to have good relationship with their existing employees as well as their new ones so as to avoid problems at the place of works hence increasing workplace productivity. This however can be complex as sometimes the employees can find the rules set by the employers quite challenging. As human the way we choose to control our goal maybe different from what the organization wants. The organization needs people who can interact with others to be productive to the company. The employment relation constitutes of three sides that is the employers, employees and the law. In addition there are employment rights.   In different countries and cities we have different way of treating employees and companies also have got different policies. Employment relationships are faced by challenges such as competitive pressures, technological change as this may result to either the employer seeking new employees who have got the most updated technological skills or requiring the old employees to update their skill by going back to class of which other will not welcome the idea, changing of owns behaviors; this may lead to disappointment to either party. As time goes by the employee-employer relationship changes. This according to Blanpain, Lansbury Park (2002) can be brought about by societal, organizational or individual changes. From the society point of view changes in the relationship is as a result developments in our society for example the cultural norms influence and the values that are related to exchanges. The organization together with the employee composes the second and third sources of changes in employment relationship. The organization and the employer both are part of the society and are both influenced by the same structural factors and dynamic change processes. However they still have some differences as the desires of the organization and those of the employee may not necessarily converge. For instance the organization may require organizational flexibility to cope with the competitiveness. Similarly the employee desire and expectations of the organization may change for example an employee with a family probably with small children will want the employers flexibility to provide good balance between his job and his private life as an important issue. There seems as if the traditional labor laws are less effective in determining the employment relationships in many countries (Dickens Neal, 2006). The pressure for flexibility in firms has led to changes in the employment relations. These changes have been linked to societal factors. In 1999-2000, twenty-seven Dutch Organization (Bach, 1999) a questionnaire was distributed to groups of employees. The data that was gathered from a sample that represented the working population showed that the younger and older employee was underrepresented and there was over representation of people between 25 and 44 years. This is a contradiction to the Chinese authority who wanted younger people. The questionnaires also assessed individual characters, employee obligations toward the company and employer obligation toward the employee. It was noted that most employees aired out their opinions on several issues affecting them and they were thinking beyond their jobs. This is unlike in China where due to fear of intimidation employees were afraid to air out their opinions. A comparative study of employment systems in the US and Japan was achieved by use of game-theoretic framework (Rapra Technology Limited, 2005) here the employment system was seen as an equilibrium outcome of interactions among management, labor, and government. In both countries, the relations evolved from ones associated with short-term contracts and company-wide employee representation. While Japan continued in the same path, the U.S experienced a breakdown of implicit contract during the Great Depression (Mortimer Leece, 1994). It is important to study internationally comparative employment relations so as to contribute to our knowledge about the employment relations in other countries and also to provide model for the development of policy. Due to globalization, there is increased economic connectedness hence the need to learn about employment relations practices in other countries. In addition it also helps with theory construction. International comparison requires acceptance of reference point. Employment relations in Britain as accordance to Jenkins (2000) was characterized with formation of unions which marked a big growth up until the World War II when due to a rising number in unemployment the membership of the unions declined. This was also caused by part-time jobs and concentration in the private sector where unions found it hard to recruit. Unlike most other   Western European countries, Britain (Sparrow Cooper, 2003)has one main union confederation that is the Trades Union Congress(TUC) that was established in 1868.Between 1980 and 1990 private sector firms membership of employers associations fell sharply before it started to rise again slightly in the 1990s. The state plays a very important role in employment relations either directly and/or indirectly. The changing pattern of employment relation in Britain reflects some trends which may include de-industrialization, proportion increase in services and growth of a typical employment. Employment relation in United States of America can be started in 1930s (Stuart Martinez- Lucio, 2005) when the US unions first arose as a seemingly permanent force. Between 1940-1950 the unions grew tremendously and in 1960s and 1970s transformed government employment into sector with strong unions. Employers organizations in USA are relatively unimportant and unlike in other countries there have not been any employers confederations. By 1985 the depth of union membership crisis was acknowledged and new forms of employee participation appeared in some workplaces. Though in the early 1990s there was a strong economic recovery (Bender Theodossiou, 1996), there was growing polarisation in employees labor market experiences. By 2000 the pressures from globalisation increased. The non-union sector has marked a tremendous growth in spite of the labour laws being enforced. REFERENCES Almond, P Ferner, A 2006, American multinationals in Europe: managing employment    relations across national borders, Oxford University Press, Melbourne   Bach, S 1999, Public Service Employment Relations in Europe: Transformation, Modernization    Or Inertia?, Routledge Bamber, G, Lansbury, R Wailes, N 2004, International and Comparative Employment   Ã‚   Relations: Globalisation and the Developed Market Economies, 4th ed, SAGE, Boca Raton,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FL Bender, K Theodossiou, I 1996, International Comparisons of the Real Wage-employment    Relationship, University of Aberdeen Blanpain, R, Lansbury, R Park, Y 2002, The Impact of Globalisation on Employment

Issues of Survival :: Essays Papers

Issues of Survival â€Å"We will only change if we survive, but we will only survive unless we change.† I believe that the Dalai Lama, in his book Ethics for a New Millennium, discusses many issues pertaining to the current state of our society that are of dyer importance if we hope to survive into the next few generations. Primarily, I am referring to his discussion of happiness as it relates to inner peace, the acknowledgement of universal responsibility, and the need to educate our children responsibly, inside and outside of the classroom. The Dalai Lama makes the assertion that, as humans, we are all ultimately searching for happiness. The way we can become truly happy is by acknowledging that, â€Å"the principal characteristic of genuine happiness is peace: inner peace.† (55) We can achieve this inner peace by putting others needs on the same plane as our own needs and by recognizing that our own well-being is intimately attached to that of others. I believe this is crucial to our survival. By raising others needs to a level of our own, we are acknowledging that they are an asset to our lives and equally contribute to the human family. This, in my mind, guarantees them the universal rights of food, water, shelter, education, health services, and safety. We are improving our own lives when we lift up the lives of others. Whether one believes in karma or not, it is true that we feel a positive emotion after thinking of or helping others. â€Å"The impact of our actions—both positive and negative—register deep within us.† (88) That is why we need to continue to think of others well-being; it lifts our spirits and helps us achieve inner peace. True inner peace and happiness cannot be achieved, in my opinion, without the acceptance of the Dalai Lama’s ideas of universal responsibility. My thoughts regarding this are based off the idea that we can never be truly happy while there is human (or environmental) suffering. If it is true happiness for which we are searching, we have a responsibility to everyone’s happiness.

Group Project for Strategic Management

We all know what SOOT stands for in the business world. There are the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. In a business the management leaders need to be aware of the surroundings for any ideas that may come their way and to be developed and planned out to make a profit and to hold the stakeholders to help make a difference. Apple is in the design, marketing, and development of personal computers and software. Apple is also into digital music players, network solutions, and related accessories (King, 2009).In researching the Apple Corporation, they have a very long history and although they had many changes from when they first started working out of a garage as a bobby they have definitely come a long way. Strengths First of all their strength Is In their technology. They have low debt and brand loyalty, they collaborated with Intel Computers in 2006, and they have a Strong Research & Development Department. Everything in this category is good because it is strong and assures for a good future. Weaknesses Their weaknesses are more compelling than one might think.They are weak in relationship with Intel and Microsoft, a weak presence in the business arena, a weak presence in markets other than education and publishing, and a slow turn around on high demand products. This does not look good for any business. The reasoning behind this category is If they do not make a turnaround, they are going to lose more customers and their sales will go down and their future will look bleak. Opportunities Their opportunities are their online sales of computers are Increasing with rapid speed; Apple Computers should focus to develop new models to cater to the need of customers.Their downloaded music for MPH players Is very marketable. That means more money for them and their colleagues. Threats Now Tort tenet tenants, ten apple steward Ana tenet cell phones are very expensive compared to other companies. The competition is strong and Apple does not look like the y will catch up to them in the laptop division. For their downloaded music, people would prefer going to other sources to download free music instead of paying for it, so that does not look good for their tunes.Introducing the MINI COME CARRYALL Our computers will be less expensive and small enough to fit in a purse or fanny pack; it will also have mini discs. Let everyone know this company the new revelation in technology as the Mini Come Carryall, MAC for short. The plan is to set out to provide a new Marketing product, a new and improved computer with a new kind of footwear. Noticing that Apple has a problem with relationships with Intel and Microsoft tells us that they either do not trust them or they think they are mind readers.This computer company wants to be there for everyone. We can make the computer business better by making a change. The best way to go about acknowledging what another company has is by researching. This company has found that Apple had gotten ideas from the fruit but not making an effort to comply with how to make it work. We will have a review of current measures by the measurement team to determine if they support the indicators if it does, then that ATA needs to organize the strategic measures (Wells, 2003).We will have the Marketing staff going to events all around the United States and having them set up a place to test to see what the customers like and dislike. However, like everything else there are always the pros and cons in strategies. Pros The benefits of globalization has resulted in companies looking for new ways of doing business, learning new techniques, affecting the software manufacturing process, and making funds available for global initiatives (Rumanians, 2010). Our computers will be less expensive and small enough to fit in a purse or fanny pack; it ill also have mini discs.Let this company be known and the Mini Come Carryall, MAC for short. After the person have finished using or playing or anything with the computer, they fill out a survey answering the questions, how simple is the software that was Just tried and how they liked it, and what did they like most or least about it, and what are their thoughts on the new product and would they buy it? This is simple but yet affective. The strategy that this computer company has come up with is very simple; we have a plan to be there for the customer, to talk to our partners on weekly basis, and to have meetings once a month.The people that we hire for Data input will have the knowledge for the computer system. There will be internal and external audits every week. We will also get rid of the overhead so our products will be better and less expensive. The opinions of a potential customer are worth more as a strategic plan than not advertising. The data processor will then input the numbers or letters into the system, then the results will be more tangible and more realistic and the numbers will be a true number to have a better outcome and to sell ore AT ten product .Free downloads Trot our Wesley wall make sure customers keep coming back. Cons As for the cons, many things can happen to where it will seem that it is a bad idea or plan. For example, not enough money but if the management plans it right they will be able to rent cars and save money for the trip. Another thing is not be motivated and not hiring the right people. Some people might not like advertising in public, having a new market that they are unsure about with little or no training. Not having the right vendors is a waste of time and money. Buyers are being more cautious about investing.Not being in touch with the stakeholders and managers and not letting them know what is happening in the world of computers and software. Conclusion This paper has shown that the research about Apple Inc. With a SOOT analysis and pros and cons are more likely to happen if management is not sure of a plan. This paper also introduced a new market in a mini computer. Strat egic planning is a source of having the right tools and the right people to make new marketing ideas work for the company. Making the right choice of vendors will save time and money for going global.